Enterprise computing
- Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks, such as LANs and WANs or a series of interconnected networks that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols and network architectures- Types of enterprises include:
- Retail
- Manufacturing
- Service
- Wholesale
- Government
- Educational
- Transportation
- Enterprise information is the information gathered in the ongoing operations of an enterprise-sized organisation
- Managers coordinate resources by performing 4 activities:
- Planning
- Organizing
- Leading
- Controlling
Information System in the Enterprise
- Information system is a set of hardware, software, data, people and procedures that work together to produce information- Functional units in an enterprise include:
- Accounting and financial
- Human resources (HR)
- Engineering or product development
- Manufacturing
- Marketing
- Sales
- Distribution
- Customer service
- Information technology
- Accounting software manages everyday transactions
- Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases with customer payments
- Financial software helps managers budget, forecast and analyze
- Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and special software to aid in engineering, drafting and design
- Computer-aided engineering (CAE) aids in the development and testing of product design
- Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) controls production equipment
- Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to integrate the many different operations of the manufacturing process
- Material requirements planning (MRP) monitors and controls inventory, material purchases and other processes related to manufacturing operations
- Manufacturing resource planning II (MRP II) is an extension of MRP that also includes product packaging and shipping, machine scheduling, financial planning, demand forecasting, tracking labour productivity and monitoring product quality
- A quality control system helps an organization maintain or improve the quality of its products or services
- A marketing information system serves as a central repository for the tasks of a marketing department
- Market research systems analyze data gathered from demographics and surveys
- Salesforce automation (SFA) helps salespeople manage customer contacts, schedule customer meetings, log customer interactions, manage product information and place customer orders
- Distribution systems perform following functions:
- Provide forecasting for inventory control
- Manage and track shipping of products
- Provide information and analysis on inventory in a warehouse
- Customer interaction management (CIM) manages the day-to-day interactions with customers
- Other enterprise-wide information systems:
- Transaction processing systems
- Management information systems
- Decision support systems
- Expert systems
- Transaction processing system (TPS) is an information system that captures and processes data from day-to-day business activities
- Batch processing - The computer collects data over time and processes all transactions later, as a group
- Online transaction processing (OLTP) - The computer processes each transaction as it is entered
- Decision support system (DSS) helps users analyze information and make decisions
- Expert system is an information system that captures and stores the knowledge of human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision making
- Customer relationship management (CRM) manages information about customers, past purchases, interests and the day-to-day interactions
- Enterprise resource planning (ERP) manage and coordinate the ongoing activities of the enterprise
- Content management system (CMS) enables and manages the publishing, modifications, organization and access of various forms of documents and other files
Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Methodologies
- Technologies used in enterprises:- Portal - A collection of links, content and services presented on a web page that are interesting for a particular job function
- Data warehouse - A huge database that stores and manages the data required to analyze historical and current transactions
- Electronic data interchange (EDI) - A set of standards that controls the transfer of business data and information among computers both within and among enterprises
- Extranet - The portion of a company's network that allows customers or suppliers of a company to access aprts of an enterprise's intranet
- Web services - Allow business to create products and B2B interactions over the Internet
- Document management system (DMS) - Allows for storage and mangement of a company's documents
- Workflow - Process that identifies the specific set of steps involved in completing a particular project or business process
- Virtual private network (VPN) - Provides mobile users, vendors and customers with a secure connection to the company network server
Virtualization and Cloud Computing
- Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources- Server virtualization - Provides the capability to divide a physical server logically into many virtual servers
- Storage virtualization - Provides the capability to create a single logical storage device from many physical storage devices
- Cloud computing is an Internet service that provides computing needs to computer users
- Grid computing combines many servers and/or personal computers on a network to act as one large computer
E-Commerce
Enterprise Hardware
- Network attached storage (NAS) is a server that provides storage to users and information systems attached to the network- Storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed network that provides storage to other servers to which it is attached
- Enterprise storage system is a strategy that focuses on the availability, protection, organization and backup of storage in a company
- Blade server packs a complete computer server on a single card rather than a system unit
- Thin client is a small terminal-like computer that mostly relies on a server for data storage and processing
High Availability, Scalability and Interoperability
- High-availability system continues running and performing tasks for at least 99% of the time- Scalability is a measure of how well computer hardware, software or an information system can grow to meet increasing performance demands
- Interoperability is the ability for an information system to share information with other information systems within an enterprise
Backup Procedures
- Components in a disaster recovery plan:
- Emergency plan
- Backup plan
- Recovery plan
- Test plan
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